Let’s recall the definition of Newton’s third law of motion: For a pair of interacting objects, the force exerted by the first object on the second is equal and opposite to the force exerted by the second object on the first. When a force is applied to an object, the object exerts a force in the opposite direction to the applied force that is proportional to the mass of the object that the force is applied to.When a force is applied to an object, the object exerts a force in the opposite direction to the applied force that is proportional to the mass of the object that applies the force.When a force is applied to an object, the object exerts an equal-sized force in the direction of the applied force.When a force is applied to an object, the object exerts an equal-sized force in the opposite direction to the applied force.Which of the following statements most correctly describes Newton’s third law of motion? Imagine that instead of interacting with a tennis racket, our ball is interacting with Earth through gravity, as follows. For a racket colliding with a tennis ball, then, the ball would accelerate roughly 6 times more in magnitude than the racket.Ĭombining Newton’s third and second laws of motion can lead to surprising results. Given a certain applied force strength, the less mass an object has, the more it will accelerate in response to the force. We can see this by considering Newton’s second law of motion, A tennis racket is about 6 times more massive than a tennis ball, but when they collide, the ball exerts just as much force on the racket as the racket does on the ball.Įven though the forces are equal in magnitude, the acceleration experienced by the racket and the ball is not the same. Newton’s third law of motion holds true even when the masses of two interacting objects are very different. The other meaning is the contact force that acts on solid objects that prevents them from passing through each other, which we often call a normal reaction force. One meaning is that reaction force is one of the forces in a pair of forces of any kind between two interacting objects. Note that in the context of Newton’s third law, we may use the word “reaction” to mean very different things. The pairs of equal and opposite forces in each scenario are shown below. Considering the cases listed above, we can say that these forces may be contact forces (as with colliding billiard balls and the rocket and exhaust) or noncontact forces (as in the case of gravitational attraction). Here, “action” and “reaction” refer to the forces that arise whenever two objects interact. Sometimes this law of motion is stated this way: “For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.” Newton’s third law of motion describes the forces involved in these interactions. These could be two billiard balls colliding, a rocket ship launching, or even a moon orbiting a planet. Unlike the first two laws of motion, Newton’s third law of motion focuses on pairs of interacting objects. For a pair of interacting objects, Newton’s third law of motion states that the force exerted by the first object on the second is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by the second object on the first.
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